tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24011271697076453312024-03-08T08:33:53.627-08:00Development 2.0--by Nadeem Ul HaqueMisguided development policy has created weak states like Pakistan. In this blog we will discuss a fresh perspective on rebuilding states and making a better development policy.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger172125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-40152399499857613392018-07-12T11:21:00.001-07:002018-07-17T11:00:05.389-07:00The insanity of Our Economic Policy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i>“Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” Einstein<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Pakistan is an IMF addict: we have had 12-13 IMF programs in the last 30 years and have spent more than 22 years in a program (more if you count program monitoring). So, what will change with another program? Will both Pakistan and IMF repeat the past and prove insanity as in Einstein’s maxim. <o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">IMF gave us a clean bill of health about 2 years ago, yet we are in another BOP crisis. You can see the exchange rate collapsing. Will the doctor repeat the old medicine? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">While policy, IMF and our policy remain engaged in a dismal dance, the economy beyond the control of the MOF chugs along creating a middle class. <span style="color: #22313f;">People are largely better off despite the shenanigans of the trio (MOF, IMF and pundits). People have worked hard to build a life for themselves whether through migration or some trading and even informal work at home. But then the trio (IMF, MOF and our economists) call the hard work of people, the informal economy, and they want to shut down what is working in the economy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">What economists should say (and never say) is that the Ministry of Finance (MOF) SBP and economic policymaking is always in a crisis even if the country is prospering. MOFs bereft of policy skills is always run by a megalomaniac Finance Minister (who boasts of running 10 divisions from Planning to Statistics, why?) and a controlling Finance secretary from the DMG. It always remains close to a BOP and a fiscal crisis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Let us call it like it is. MOF and SBP as well as economic policy needs an overhaul. Currently the government is not structured to do policy in the 21<sup>st</sup>century. Any DMG cannot come and make policy in Planning, Finance, Commerce, FBR, Industries for 6 months before retirement. It would be laughable were it not real.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">And the minister of finance is just one minister and should not try to be deputy prime minister and bully SBP, Planning Statistics, economic affairs and many other ministries. She should only be minister for finance. PERIOD.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The pundits/IMF talk of the economy as if the megalomaniac, skill-less MOF can wave a magic wand to make the economy turn on a dime. Despite many pronouncements and repeated donor policy advice and financing, growth remains below potential, fiscal and BOP deficits remain out of control, savings and investment remain low. So, what have all these programs and donor interventions achieved? <o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;">Yet t</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">he cavalry in the form of the IMF will be here is September. They will provide temporary relief as always. Sadly, they are incapable of changing the fundamental weakness in the economy—the poor policymaking in the country. <span style="color: #22313f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">IMF will repeat the same medicine, increase revenues through mini-budgets and random taxes. Reduce expenditures without analysis. In short IMF keeps giving us the “austerity” treatment, that Europe has reviled. But austerity has not fixed our problem for 4 decades. Instead it makes it worse as haphazard taxation and expenditure cuts erode the capacity of the state and society’s trust in it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="color: #22313f;">IMF fixes for structural problems were easily gamed by MOF. The government has never reduced in size. PSEs bleed profusely (Farrukh Saleem gives good figures). Government expenditures as well as borrowings remain out of control and the IMF has no analysis of why. SROs despite much effort remain intact to the detriment of taxes and business competition. Corruption and governance problems continue to grow.</span><span style="color: #22313f;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Programs and groupie economists always focus on tax GDP ratio as the centerpiece of the IMF program. Tax reform makes a bigger mess. We have a punitive tax system belying all principles. There are 60+ withholding income taxes on various services that the poor pay to never get a refund. 70% of our revenue is now collected on withholding agents like mobile phones, banks and schools. And FBR is getting bonuses thanks to DFID funded research. This tax policy is a drag on the economy, hurting our exports and businesses but IMF will give us more. <o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">In the 90s I did a paper on Sustainable deficits (with Peter Montiel) to show that Pakistan can sustain a deficit of about 5% pf GDP. The IMF mission objected and maintained a deficit target of 3% in the 90s. Now with hindsight, we can see that despite IMF efforts, Pakistan never even reached 4% of GDP. Now the IMF has moved the target for the fiscal deficit over 4% but without a clear strategy on how to achieve it. <o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">So be prepared for minibudgets, arbitrary taxes and more borrowing. 3 years later MOF will declare victory and IMF and World Bank will praise MOF. But by next election, look for another crisis and a return to the IMF.<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The cycle will continue until we change the MOF, SBP and how we make economic policy. And IMF has no way of doing that!<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #22313f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Or as Einstein said keep repeating insanity of repeating past mistakes. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-92214182428125083922018-01-25T21:18:00.000-08:002018-01-25T21:18:21.749-08:00Imperial Democracy <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Typically, ‘elected’ dynastic governments start to unravel by their third year thanks to a combination of incompetence and greed. It is then that the rumour of a technocratic setup starts and politicians start to fan it.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Recently, government officials came out with statements to the effect that the constitution does not allow for a technocratic setup and that there is no room for technocrats in Pakistan. The issue of technocrats really needs careful analysis here.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Why is there a demand for technocracy? People repeatedly see that elected governments are not delivering governance and good public service. Instead they slip into whimsical, ‘kitchen cabinet’ government style-where an inner circle of the unelected starts to take arbitrary decisions. The prime minister wants to run the country in imperial fashion and ministers close to him act like imperial lords by passing all laws. Rumours of corruption grow large. Dynastic ambitions reveal themselves in children being thrown into decision-making more readily than any heir apparent in medieval days.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Democratic leaders are not known for their great appointments. Cronyism prevails as they seek to bring all institutions – even universities, hospitals and projects –under the control of the executive and his favourites. Losses and failures in public service don’t mean anything to the prime minister; what matters is power and control of the purse. Of course, this breeds rumours of misuse of funds.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Cabinets and parliaments, key institutions from which democratic leaders derive power, are weakened deliberately to strengthen the prime minister. Decisions are non-transparently made by prime minister and his people. All procedure is bypassed and most information on key issues is not revealed. Even lesser ministers and allies of the prime minister are isolated and ineffective, with no power or access.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Officials, heads of agencies and regulatory bodies are treated as court employees and shuffled at will. The power to transfer a colonial legacy is used liberally to ensure central control of the prime minister. The government becomes merely official pronouncements of every whim of the imperial prime minister.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">By the third year of democratic rule the costs of this misrule start to show up. People are restless. Public services are not showing improvement despite claims by the government. The economy, patched up by aid, sputters along but the gains are not palpable. The opposition, seeing the increasing power of the executive, seeks to dislodge him through street agitation. With parliament incapacitated prime minister, they seek to mobilise mobs.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Some look for a non-democratic takeover. Furthermore, they look to technical solutions to the mess that has been made. Indeed, the army does promise this in every coup. And yes some part of the solution has to be technical.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">True, dictators did make an effort to find professionals in the past. But was it mere rhetoric? It seems to me that they merely drew upon those that had cultivated them. No active search was conducted. This is obvious if you look at those selected – a few well-known writers of columns, oily bankers, businessman and retired bureaucrats. Hard to make a case of active professional team-building.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Even this romance with a seemingly technocratic governance lasts two to three years. Later, dictators become political and succumb to the charms of the ‘fair-weather’ politicians.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">In reality, the invisible bureaucrat – the powerful mafia in control – has run all systems through both martial law and democracy even when occasionally a few technocrats are allowed into the periphery.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">No one wants any professional management in government. Contrary to the rest of the world, it is widely believed in Pakistan that no specialised training is required to manage and make policy in education, health energy, railways, and all other technical positions in government and even outside.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">People elect representatives to frame laws and influence policy in line with mandates obtained in elections. Representatives have no right to rule whimsically, signing foreign deals at will, initiating projects as they like, spending public money without check, and gifting state land and contracts to favourites.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Consider how a corporation is run. Shareholders elect a board of directors to oversee the running of the company. The board hires the best professional managers to execute approved policies. Policies seldom come from the boards; only directions and suggestions. Mostly, management and staff present well-researched proposals for board consideration and approval.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Elected parliamentarians and cabinets are governing bodies like board members. Their role is oversight and decision-making, not running the government. Cabinets and parliaments review reports and policy proposals arising from agencies. Ministries merely monitor and develop reports on public service provision and occasionally propose required policy changes. Service provision and regulatory agencies lie beyond both politics and ministries in their daily working. Policies guide them. Agencies should not be controlled through arbitrary personnel changes and transfers.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Such checks and balances and specialised roles lie at the heart of good governance. And our imperial democracies run into trouble because of this refusal to accept these principles of good governance.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">Continuous attacks on professionals must be understood as a means to preserve the status quo of arbitrary rule. The spectre of martial law assisted by technocrats is raised merely to preserve an imperial executive and democracy.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">As I have argued in my book, ‘Looking Back: How Pakistan Became an Asian tiger in 2050’, fine tuning democracy to accept these checks and balances, and assign technical governance and policymaking a proper role will truly allow Pakistan to achieve the development we covet.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-48884027256208823462017-12-16T22:45:00.001-08:002017-12-16T22:45:26.771-08:00Designing Democracy and what is the PM term?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>With Adnan Rasool </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">‘Tenure of
the government’ is a term that is being liberally used these days. It is
contended that no PM finished his term in Pakistan’s history. An exaggeration. Some
resigned, while others were either removed by the President constitutionally
(at that time) or more recently by the Supreme Court. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Is the PM term fixed at 5 years in a
Parliamentary democracy? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Be that as it may, in most parliamentary democracies, there
is no real specified term. UK government that we follow has a 5-year outer
limit but a vote of no confidence could undo a government till 2011. In 2011,
they enacted a five-year fixed term but even then, May felt that Brexit
required her to “refresh her mandate.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yet big events in Pakistan like terrorism, dysfunctional
parliament, opposition in streets, charges of corruption and mismanagement,
nothing forces our politicians to ‘refresh their mandate.’ How odd!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most parliamentary governments allow for an early exit. Of
the 88 governments in UK, only 34 have completed a full 5 years. The average
tenure in UK has been about 39 months. Similarly, Japan, also a parliamentary democracy,
since 1947 has had PMs with an average tenure of just 3 years. India, that we
are all so fond of quoting with envy, has seen 10 PMs who did not finish their term.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one cried conspiracy in any of these.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Does Pakistan guarantee 5 years to a
PM?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contrary to loud voices in our media, even our constitution
does not say “no government shall be less than 5 years.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Article 52 states: “</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a term of five
years.” So, the constitution envisaged that the parliament could be dissolved
sooner than 5 years. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Article 95 defines a “vote of no confidence” to dismiss a
Prime Minister. But this is no longer possible as the Nawaz Sharif 14<sup>th</sup>
amendment prohibited voting across party lines. It is stunning that our talking
heads remained silent on this soft coup that made parliament virtually
unnecessary? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Clearly, no fixed term was promised to the PM. It was
expected that the PM would carry the parliament; if not, face a vote of no
confidence or even resign to ‘refresh the mandate.’ But courtesy of the 14<sup>th</sup>
amendment, removal is nearly impossible. And needless to say these politicians
are hungry for power and have no sense of honor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If this what the constitution states
and limits, then why is 5 years so sacrosanct in our political mindset? PMs and
parliaments appear to be dysfunctional in 2-3 years. Calls for ending an
elected government start getting louder well before midterm. People are
frustrated at a system that only includes them twice a decade. Why not shorten
the term of the parliament to say 3-4 years? It might strengthen governments
and parliaments rather than weaken them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Democracy requires shorter terms, local governments and
more elections? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Without local governments, democracy is
incomplete. Leaders appear distant and unaccountable without local governments.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Should we accept democrats who refuse to
give us local governments? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Like other countries we need a system
where elections are frequent and power is more equitably distributed instead of
being concentrated in PM and CM. Shorter terms spread out across the levels of
government (local, state, federal, school boards, police commissioners etc.)
tend to make people trust the system more. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why for example, can we not hold local
and provincial elections every 3 years, national every 4 years in staggered
fashion to have a chance for public accountability through ballots every year? Consider
this notion and debate it – you will see the advantages of such accountability
being built in to the system. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And term limits without dynasties <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why do we
allow dynasties to dominate parliament? Ali Cheema et al. of LUMS have shown
how dynasties dominate parliament historically. In England, safe seats were
called ‘rotten boroughs’ and they brought in reform to end them. Why are we not
thinking along those lines? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One important
way that more competition is brought into the system is to bring in term
limits. We did have them but our politicians who do not want local government,
police or administrative reform or regulatory reform took the first opportunity
to eliminate them. Is that democracy? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A vast
majority of countries in the world have serious term limits on one or more
executive and elected positions. Pakistan has a limit of 2 terms on a
meaningless ceremonial position—the president. Let us just eliminate a purely
ceremonial president who is only a fiscal drain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We need straightforward laws that ensure that no person holds high public
office like PM, Minister or even membership of parliament for more than a
couple of terms. Let new people come in continuously through lower levels of
government. That is the point of democracy. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Elections are not to confirm</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> family scions with zero experience to
vault into office with a guaranteed 5 years and no accountability. That is so
medieval Mughal. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-5443300217159287132017-11-16T03:43:00.000-08:002017-11-16T03:43:34.665-08:00Why do politicians hate technocrats? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whenever ‘elected’
dynastic governments start to unravel the myth of a technocratic government
backed by the army is rolled out by politicians and sympathizers of their
misrule. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Myths about ‘technocrats’ <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘Technocrat’ is anyone “not in bureaucracy or
army, not in politics and somewhat educated</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.” </span></b><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In an age of specialization, all semi-well
clad, reasonably well-read people who are outside the government<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>are regarded as power hungry connivers
looking for an in with the army. All retired bureaucrats or army generals are
technocrats as are all businessmen even if their own businesses are not growing
or successful. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This definition is very different from what the rest of the
world thinks. Technocrats is more or less an obsolete term used to describe
technically capable people who could provide research, managerial, and other
technical skills towards the making of a better society and government. The
emphasis was on the need for specialized skills in areas such as the management
and development of energy, transport, environment, economics, education health and
many other increasingly technical subjects as societies and economies get more complex.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All army coups are backed by and staffed by technocrats</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></b><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Review the evidence and you will see that
this myth is based on the definition of technocrat as a dilettante.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is true that dictators make an effort to find some
professional people for better governance and policy. After an initial 2-3 years,
their cabinets contain the usual politicians. Even the early technocratic
cabinet had businessman and retired bureaucrats in cabinet positions and not
necessarily highly skilled professionals matched to the right positions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The truth is that the invisible bureaucrat--the powerful mafia
in control—has run all systems through both martial law and democracy even when
occasionally a few technocrats are allowed into the periphery. They thrive on
the notion that any bureaucrat with no specialized training is very
well-equipped to revolve between managing and making policy in education,
health energy, railways, and all other technical positions in government and
even outside. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Democracy is incompatible with technocracy.</span></i><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Recently the Interior minister wrote an op-ed
arguing that the issue was “democracy vs technocracy.” Civil servants,
columnists and anchors all point out that policy and projects are whims of
politicians with no need for technical scrutiny. Politicians love this
arbitrary power that is handed to them and argue vociferously against technical
skills in government. Sympathizers especially the civil servants have a vested
interest in decrying special skills in government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Government only needs politics and no
technical skills.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Elected governments revel in bad appointments and their
supporters don’t seem to mind. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yet modern governance--whether martial law or democracy--requires
that key positions--management of public sector agencies as well as the development
of policy—should be staffed by the best available professionals. Regulatory
agencies—SBP NEPRA, PEMRA, SECP, OGDC etc.—should be deeply staffed with the
best professionals and be given the widest possible autonomy to do their job. Similarly,
universities, hospitals, utilities and many public service provision agencies
should all be professionally staffed and with autonomy from politics. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why would elected governments not demand competence in
government? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We elect an imperial Prime Minister. </span></i><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Urdu word ‘hakumat’ helps creates this
erroneous impression. They want the PM to have unbridled power and everyone
should be ‘under him.’ Most commentators believe that elected leaders have a
‘divine right to rule.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">People elect representatives asking them to frame laws and
influence policy in line with mandate from the election. Elections don’t give the
right to rule the country whimsically, signing foreign deals at will,
initiating projects as they like, spending public money without check, and
gifting state land and contracts to favorites. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The role of elected leaders</span></b><span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Consider how a
corporation is run. Shareholders elect the board of directors to oversee the
running of the company who in turn hire the best professional managers to
execute the policies approved by the board. Even the policies of the
corporation don’t come only from the board. Guidance and suggested directions come
from the board. But mostly well-researched proposals from the management and
staff are put up to the board for guidance and approval.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We should think of the
elected parliamentarians and the cabinet as board members. They are there for
guidance, oversight and decision-making not to run the government. Ministers
should not be running executing agencies for public service provision. Cabinets
and parliaments review reports and policy proposals arising from agencies.
Ministries monitor and develop reports on public service provision and
occasionally propose required policy changes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Good governance arises
through such checks and balances and specialized roles. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Professionalizing
government is no longer an option. For too long, dilettantes have had their
whimsical ways and have refused to succumb to discipline. All positions
everywhere—government agencies, universities, police, journalism and TV—should
be filled with competent professionals of a high quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Continuous attacks on
professionals must be understood as means to preserve status quo of arbitrary
rule. ‘Democracy versus martial law with technocrats’ merely suggests that
democracy wants an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imperial Prime
Ministry</i> which is totally undemocratic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Let us also stop
talking of obsolete terms like technocrats that lump all manner of skilled
professionals into one vague category. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4e2800; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Politicians must stop dumping
on knowledge and skilled people. Instead they need to develop a healthier
relationship with learning and professionals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-75821200448963937012017-10-06T09:46:00.000-07:002017-10-06T09:46:15.143-07:00Pakistan’s reform moment missed again <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pakistan is again in the news
with the dismissal of the Prime Minister by the Supreme court. The
international media is calling it a manipulation of the Pakistan army. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yet experience shows that democratic
governments reveal incompetence and corruption within a year of taking oath.
The polity starts bubbling with rumors of misgovernance and corruption. The opposition
which is always marginalized finds street protests preferable to parliament.
Why?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Part of the answer lies in the
fact that Pakistan hastily adopted the UK constitution, which is an unwritten
set of norms and rules embedded in British history and culture. No serious
attempts have been made to adapt it to local environment and culture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For example, election process
and party system has never been properly defined. Every election is considered
to be rigged and all parties are virtual personality cults with no internal
process, management, policy development capacity or clear membership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Elections are mere selection
of dynasties and democracy mere bickering among the few who have regarded the
country as a fiefdom. 2 families—Bhuttos and Sharifs—have led politics for the last
40 years while evidence (<a href="http://cdpr.org.pk/images/publications/states/governance/Dynastic-Politics-in-Punjab-Facts-Myths-Implications.pdf">Ali
Cheema et a</a>l) has shown that about two thirds of legislators have come from
about 400 families to make policies in a country of 200 million people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The state is captured by dynasties.
Dynastic politicians don’t even file a tax return and those that do have a life
style way beyond the tax that they <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/13/world/asia/most-pakistani-lawmakers-dont-file-tax-returns-study-finds.html">paid.</a></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Beyond
taxes power is egregiously abused every day. Recently a minister (member of an
important clan) ran over a policemen a in broad daylight and it remains to be
seen if he faces any consequences. In the past, too often they have not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Parliament is dysfunctional. The
Chairman of the senate repeatedly complains of the lack of attendance and the
continued absence of ministers and the PM. Budget discussions are among the
shortest in the world and pass without any <a href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1436730/participation-lawmakers-budget-debate-drops/">opposition</a>.
But then, parliament made itself redundant by making it mandatory to vote along
party lines (14<sup>th</sup> amendment). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Elected PMs operate through an
‘inner cabinet’ of favorites—family members, civil servants and unelected
friends. Policy is merely PM’s whim. Policies and projects are put in place
without due diligence; international agreements signed without analysis; and loans
are signed with no transparency. Public disclosure is severely limited.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The executive retains many
control devices (inherited from the raj) to corrupt all and weaken democracy. Like
a medieval king, the PM can at his discretion award favorites—judges, officials
and others-- government-owned mansions, cars, land grants and post retirement
jobs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The PM does not see himself as
the first minister leading the process of changing policies through debate in
Parliament cabinet and the public domain. We hear of Nawaz Sharif wanting
better ties with India but on a personal level. Yet, no policy statement has
been made by him, nor have we seen a cabinet or parliamentary process for
making this happen. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perhaps Fareed Zakaria’s book
“Illiberal democracy” needs a follow-up to tell us how to fix this
authoritarian, dynastic system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">If he did, surely, he would
point to needed constitutional changes to build checks and balances to
arbitrary power. At a minimum, the PM needs to be fully engaged with a working,
independent parliament and an engaged consultative full cabinet. No more
whimsical policymaking without due process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Several options are available
to end dynastic politics. Election systems independent of the executive and
beyond rigging are a must. Term limits, even family limits, systems other than
mere first-past-the-post, formalized party systems that allow more in-party
democracy and much more can be considered.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perhaps the most important
crucible of democracy local government, which dynastic politics has blocked for
decades, could be developed to bring democracy closer to the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Government departments and
agencies are an agency of restraint against willful government. The excessive
centralization of inherited colonial systems must be reformed to allow more
room for independent regulatory and watchdog agencies to provide more
monitoring and evaluation to voters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pakistan polity needs reform.
Talking conspiracies and personality politics will lose yet another reform
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-73481980399920608462017-08-15T08:14:00.000-07:002017-08-15T08:14:41.113-07:00Finance and a donor-distracted SBP Nadeem Ul Haque<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 2008 financial overzealousness led the global economy over a
precipice but it did not kill the romance of finance. In particular donors love
finance and love to offer financial inclusion as a panacea for all societal
ills. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">DFID and the IFC have made the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) run programs
for financial inclusion in exchange for loans for more than a decade. SBP mission
expanded into development and it opened up departments on housing, small and
medium business and microfinance. Meanwhile, the IMF was pushing for independence
for SBP with a sharp focus on monetary policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The country’s development body, The Planning commission has been
rendered a mere project office because donors have full freedom to do policy
everywhere. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SBP engaged in mission creep could not even design its own financial
inclusionprogram; it needed Oxford Policy Management, a UK based consulting
firm, to do the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.opml.co.uk/projects/design-financial-inclusion-programme-pakistan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">design</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Many million dollars later, SBP is pushing financial programs for these
SMEs, housing and microfinance with some form of subsidy or guarantee. Received
wisdom in this area is that the supervisor of the banking system should not be
involved in any way in either directing credit or offering subsidies or guarantees.
Monetary-Policy making can be conflicted if the SBP gets involved in
development policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Has the SBP done a sterling job in its primary mission—managing
inflation and the exchange rate? I think the consensus would be “NO!” SBP
presided on the at least 2 crises in recent memory and managed them badly. In 1998,
they had let the foreign exchange deposits grow to about 10 times reserves and
could only exit with a default. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the early 2000s they had held on to a policy of exchange rate over-
valuation for about 7 years with widening inflation differentials.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually the bubble burst with an exchange rate
crisis when the rate depreciated by about 40% in a matter of weeks. In other
words, policy created room for an ‘exchange rate attack.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perhaps focused on development, SBP has always been wrong on exchange
rate. SBP has always erred on the side of keeping the exchange rate over valued
i.e., the dollar is cheaper that it should be. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Much research and evidence shows
that a developing country must keep the exchange rate undervalued i.e., make
the dollar more expensive than the fundamentals would suggest. Most glaring
example of that recently has been China. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(But before people think I am advocating a devaluation. No! it is a
question of managing a policy that will allow the correct exchange rate to
emerge just like the temperature and the RPM of a finely balanced machine.
Fixing the rate is not a good policy. This requires skill and research.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Quite possibly, SBP focused on its primary task might have managed
exchange rate and monetary policy better. But now more than half the bank is
doing development policy in probably a turf battle with the Planning
commission. Remember, this has happened through the candy of money offered by
donors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But now our distracted SBP has once again over-valued our exchange rate to
decimate our export sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Many studies (</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Subnational-Reports/DB10-Sub-Pakistan.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">World Bank Doing business</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">) have shown that investment is largely
constrained by factors such as weak property rights and contract enforcement
and poor governance (registration processes, taxation and corruption) and
knowledge and space constraints. A course in elementary finance suggests the
pricing of such risks will preclude most investment possibilities. Still
expends real resources trying to solve the problem through improving loan
terms. Offering cheaper and better loans to propositions that have huge
structural hurdles is unlikely to make them grow and achieve solvency. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">How does this make sense and has this helped or hurt SMEs? Could DFID
and IFC evaluate their little experiment and tell us how the costs of a
distracted SBP square off against the non-existent benefits of this decade-long
activity. Are the 100 million + USD spend here justified? Could we not have
dedicated that money better to importing a few professors for our professor-less
universities?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Could they also tell us if all real problems can be solved merely with
clever finance? Is there no need to fix domestic institutions and governance
first? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Surprisingly this project was initiated at the time of the global
crisis. It seems neither the donors nor SBP learned anything from the global
crisis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And let us not ask does EAD know anything of this? Should they have? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-43334675000234148752017-08-11T07:07:00.001-07:002017-08-11T07:07:30.290-07:00You can’t finance away bad policy and thinking <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Reagan deregulation created a romance with finance. My
generation of educated Pakistanis benefited from it greatly—even gave us a
Prime Minister. The romance with finance still plays strongly in Pakistani
political/administrative and intellectual class. We look to finance our way out
of things. It is the easy way out and we love shortcuts. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Every government runs after money. Bureaucrats are trained
to look for aid and financing above all other issues. We sing siren songs to
foreign investors luring them into our quagmire unaware that they like Ulysses
might come prepared. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We love clever financing schemes: diaspora bonds as if
immigrants can be conned into ‘cheaper than the market’ lending. Policy circles
continuously chatter about securitizing remittances, floating convertible bonds
or issuing more Sakooks expecting financial magic to deliver effortless
development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Why do we think that we can con the world with financial
instruments? Do we now know that financial firms are 1000s of times better at
it than our policymakers? Would our politicians and bureaucrats be able to con
the conmen who conned the world in 2008?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Did IPPs not come back to haunt us? Did we not learn from
the Rek o Diq fiasco that the foreign investor is no friend but a shark who
will take his pound of flesh?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The romance with finance is also fed by donors after all
they have to push money. We are always told how much we need their money for
infrastructure, schooling, food security, sanitation, water, environment and
much more. They do have an army of analysts who have nothing better to do than
write reports and blogs and preach “you need money” to our governments. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All officials know that their post retirement jobs depend on
donors and their children’s careers lie with donors. So, they are captured
audience to the donor mantra of “you need more finance.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Can finance solve all problems? Let us look the use simple
economics to study the example of housing. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Donors have pitched for long that the shortage of housing is
because of the lack of mortgages and SBP keenly engaged in mission creep for
the last 10 years to develop a mortgage market. Yet the housing stock expands
through the DHAs, the bureaucratic plot development (DMG), or cooperative
housing societies. The first 2 are schemes for self-dealing 101, and the last
is Pakistan’s contribution to the scam literature given the number of
uninvestigated scams in coops. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, the housing stock expands in expensive sprawl-based single-family
homes. Cheap flats in dense spaces where the middle class can live are severely
limited because the self-dealing paradigm of land development (inherent in the
DHA/DMG model) seeks to restrict density and flats. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By now our demographic situation is well known. Our labor
force is increasing about 2-3 million a year and our housing needs will also
grow by about a 0.5- million a year. Yet the stock seems to grow in the 1000s
given the myriad planning issues. Given the huge shortage, prices are
escalating rapidly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In most cities, the cheapest house runs over a 100,000 USD
forcing most people to seek informal housing or join up in some form of
informal extended family arrangement. Neither of the informal arrangements are
bankable given unclear property rights and contractual arrangements. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let us examine the proposition of getting a mortgage on a
house of a 100,000 USD which is about the minimum for a house in Pakistan. Even
though interest rates have come down, mortgages will still be priced at 12-15%.
At 12% the payment will be about 12000 USD a year. Add a little for insurance
and maintenance and not including principle we will be looking at a minimum of
a 15000 USD a year all included.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Generally, it is regarded that housing should be no more
than 30% of your income. This means that the income of the family buying such a
house should be about 45000 USD a year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Just review the state of salaries. 45000 USD or 4.8 million
rupees (about 400,000 rupees a month) is a seriously high salary in Pakistan
even if both spouses are working. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So even if we develop a mortgage market, are we doing it
only for the rich? Why then is SBP expending so much effort and why are donors
funding this effort so huge? Just bad analysis?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Another approach could be to adopt reform and increase the
supply of flats as dwelling units not just single family homes. This would mean
break the DHA/DMG hold on the housing market to allow more density through
high-rise flat construction. Supply if it goes up sharply will bring the price
of dwelling unit down. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A virtuous cycle would happen as more real estate construction
invigorates the economy as well as the labor market. More jobs and more
bankable properties will lead to a mortgage market.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, donors and SBP have it the wrong way around. Rather than
increase supply they are pushing expensive mortgages on a poor population.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Moral of the story: countries and societies grow with good
policy analysis rather than fanciful finance and begging for money. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-63227617381500173942017-07-31T17:55:00.000-07:002017-07-31T17:55:01.155-07:00Changing myths and policies require effort for process and consultation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Raza Rumi argued recently that there are 5 myths in the Pakistani discourse that need to be put to rest. In his view these are the ‘Doctrine of Necessity,’ ‘Strategic depth,’ ‘Use of Proxies’, ‘Ummah’ and ‘China will fix all’. Raza is right. A large part of our media and intellect is discussing these myths. <br />
<br />
I would argue that Raza’s 5 myths stem from our inability to configure proper democracy. Any democratic government with an open process of policymaking with due diligence (research and reporting through white papers and documentation), public consultation (forums with government provided information and genuine participation) and open decision-making processes (forums at all levels with proper public participation and open minutes even if with a lag), ghosts and monsters can be confronted. Simple. No decision without first, adequate public scrutiny, second documentation and consultation at all levels including the public, and finally full disclosure.<br />
<br />
There is no democracy without these 3 steps. Democracy is not mere elections but a complete process for running government for the welfare of a a free and sovereign people.<br />
<br />
Change is not PM whim but his leadership of a process<br />
<br />
This is what universities and think tanks are for. And yes, the government funds them to maintain this system of scrutiny on itself.<br />
<br />
And yes! The PM must lead the process of changing policies and myths not by hiding in foreign travel but by leading the debate in Parliament cabinet and the public domain. He must use the civil service to research and prepare policies that are discussed in the public domain and in the cabinet. His word is not a command but a direction to be examined.<br />
<br />
The civil military divide that so haunts out thinkers (who need to read a few primers in democracy) can also be handled in this open process of consultation. And yes, the army should be consulted and not treated like a subordinate department. In fact, no department should be a subordinate department. The job of the PM is to lead a consultation and not treat all as a subordinate.<br />
<br />
Proper democratic processes are there to make consensus and democracy is about achieving consensuses. The term Prime Minister historically means first among ministers with the right to chair the cabinet. Even the Supreme court has noted that the decision-making power lies with the cabinet and not the PM.<br />
<br />
Let me also mention an obsession of our intellectuals: foreign policy (4 out 5 of Raza’s myths are foreign policy). Yet I find no foreign policy documents related to strategic depth and our role in the Ummah put out by the government. Where are the discussions on this? Where are the speeches and thoughts on this? Not mere pouting by children and leaks like in Dawn leaks.<br />
<br />
We all hear of Nawaz Sharif wanting better ties with India but has anyone seen a government document defining the possibilities for the new relationship? Was that ever taken up in the cabinet? Was that ever discussed in the National Security Council? Can we see the minutes? Why does the PM and the FM not give us a white paper.<br />
<br />
Contrary to popular intellectual opinion, PM is not elected to rule. Everything that he wants cannot be policy. The system is operating in perpetuity and should. Each ruler has no right to stop the work that was begun by the preceding government and change all polices inherited. The election only gives them the right to alter policy directions after considerable consultation and due process. <br />
<br />
Whimsical government ended with the renaissance. Now we have continuity in policy which is tweaked and reformed through clear due process which our democrats hate.<br />
<br />
Don’t derail the system but do let us talk of reform<br />
<br />
While Raza talk of myths, let us also talk of the major omission--what we don’t discuss.<br />
<br />
All discussion of reform is stifled by the intellectual/senior analyst class by yelling ‘don’t derail the system.’ Any talk of reform is thought to be anti-democracy. <br />
<br />
The expectation that somehow good democracy would happen after dynasties have run their course is expensive. Several generations will lose many opportunities before this happens. And as we have seen these politicians will do all in their power to strengthen their undemocratic system. They neither have the learning nor the statesmanship to seek better democracy. We have seen they will further foul up the system to make room for their family democracy. Will they allow reform to make true democracy happen?<br />
<br />
We must not only talk of reform but agitate for it shout for it if we want a serious democracy that will save our state and society. Raise your voice for reform so that they are forced to change this system.<br />
<br />
A large number of issues must be discussed when it comes to reform. Here is a sampling.<br />
<br />
Why don’t we experiment with elections (proportional, ranked choice, multi round) that will produce better results?<br />
Why don’t we have term limits?<br />
Why don’t we rule out families offering too many candidates?<br />
Why don’t we define parties better?<br />
Why don’t we totally separate the election commission from the executive?<br />
Should independent local governments not exist? With different election cycles?<br />
Should we not have more equal sized provinces for a better democracy?<br />
Why don’t we ban appointments for judges after retirement?<br />
Why is the civil service not independent? Why is the civil service not reformed for professionalization with open entry?<br />
Should there be an open transparent process to appoint people to key positions and taken out of the hands of the PM.<br />
The PM should not have the power to transfer anybody. That is not part of representation.<br />
There should be limits on the PMs ability to change budgets, engage in arbitrary expenditures, and give plots, perks and benefits to favorites.<br />
We must ensure due process is followed.<br />
Why don’t we make parliamentary attendance compulsory?<br />
Why is cabinet meeting not made compulsory?<br />
Why are minutes of most meetings not made available even if it is with a delay?<br />
Changes in policy must be clearly planned, investigated and consulted.<br />
Projects must be whetted, investigated and made public.<br />
Why don’t we set up watchdogs like the CBO?<br />
<br />
The conversation must be on change to push politicians<br />
<br />
The family democrats with arbitrary power love the conversation that protects them from change. Should we keep the conversation on foreign policy and keep blaming the army to let them consolidate their arbitrary, lazy and wasteful rule? This is folly. <br />
<br />
Reform will not happen if we don’t push them to make it. It is all right to wish for democracy but then let us get proper democracy and not some deformed variety that sneaks in dynasties from the back door to give them excessive arbitrary power without checks and balances or due process.<br />
<br />
A reform discussion does not hurt democracy. Instead it nurtures it. It is the bad kind of reform that these politicians have done to consolidate arbitrary power that destabilizes the system. Let us not blame ghosts and monsters for this; our politicians repeatedly want to kill checks and balances and due process for personal benefits.<br />
<br />
The system must be reformed for us to get a better crop of politicians who would want to develop democracy and truly represent people and not their dynasties. And no, the system is not derailed by talk of reform or a reform movement. On the contrary, the current trend to strengthens elected dynasties is stifling democracy.<br />
<br />
And remember democracy is not just a bad election. It has to be framed to allow elections to deliver good government responsive to the needs to people. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-63004313978758231032017-07-29T09:25:00.002-07:002017-07-29T09:25:58.934-07:00Really! Who does need a prime minister? another one by Amer Durrani <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">In fact, do we even need a cabinet? Or, an assembly? Note that I am not saying, if we need a government. Coming back to these “political folk”! All they seem to be investing their nights and days in, is their own survival. Not in the survival of Pakistan. That be damned! Interesting how pressing matters and decisions go on a back burner. One day we need to have decisions yesterday and the next day we can wait for days. Politicians, well almost all of them, seem to be engaged in ‘Sisyphusian’ battle of daily toil—or even worst, actually believing that their toils are genuine and that this is the last roll up the hill! I think Anatol Lieven needs to supersede “Pakistan: a hard country” with “Pakistan: a baffling country”. It runs on its own. A country that is running on prayers of a few, and sacrifices of the dead. It is, definitely, not running due to this bunch of thugs—sorry, politicians! “Sadiq” and “Amin”! Come on who coined this? We, if we are an Islamic thought, are supposed to be lead by those who lead us by the Quran! Not by those who are judged on some words which have a million interpretations. Thus, the confusion, my countryfolks. Thus, the conundrum. Bad Ass India and RSS Modi. Flailing and wailing baby Ghani! Taliban and ISIS. Internecine sectarian and ethnic warfare. Dying Kashmir. The looming Trump Tower. Drying country, dying exports, waning forex reserves, raping </span><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">punchaiyats</i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">, fleeing elites. No water. No energy. No anything. What the hell! The headlines still scream politics at you. I understand media—they need ratings. I understand politicians—they are thugs! What I don’t understand is us, the people. Why do we fall for this “hook line and sinker” every time? Don’t give me the Karl Marx version. Just tell me, who needs a prime minister? For, I just looked around, and damn! What a beautiful country! What a brave common folk, I see around, struggling, moving and shaking Pakistan. Who needs a prime minister.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-38547555173460049322017-07-26T07:34:00.001-07:002017-07-26T07:34:09.298-07:00Changing myths and policies require effort for process and consultation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Raza Rumi
argued recently that there are 5 myths in the Pakistani discourse that need to
be put to rest. In his view these are the ‘Doctrine of Necessity,’ ‘Strategic
depth,’ ‘Use of Proxies’, ‘Ummah’ and ‘China will fix all’. Raza is right. A
large part of our media and intellect is discussing these myths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I would
argue that Raza’s 5 myths stem from our inability to configure proper democracy.
Any democratic government with an open process of policymaking with due
diligence (research and reporting through white papers and documentation),
public consultation (forums with government provided information and genuine
participation) and open decision-making processes (forums at all levels with proper
public participation and open minutes even if with a lag), ghosts and monsters
can be confronted. Simple. No decision without first, adequate public scrutiny,
second documentation and consultation at all levels including the public, and
finally full disclosure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There is no
democracy without these 3 steps. Democracy is not mere elections but a complete
process for running government for the welfare of a a free and sovereign
people. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Change is not PM whim but his leadership of a
process <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is
what universities and think tanks are for. And yes, the government funds them
to maintain this system of scrutiny on itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And yes!
The PM must lead the process of changing policies and myths not by hiding in
foreign travel but by leading the debate in Parliament cabinet and the public
domain. He must use the civil service to research and prepare policies that are
discussed in the public domain and in the cabinet. His word is not a command
but a direction to be examined.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The civil
military divide that so haunts out thinkers (who need to read a few primers in
democracy) can also be handled in this open process of consultation. And yes,
the army should be consulted and not treated like a subordinate department. In fact,
no department should be a subordinate department. The job of the PM is to lead
a consultation and not treat all as a subordinate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Proper
democratic processes are there to make consensus and democracy is about
achieving consensuses. The term Prime Minister historically means first among
ministers with the right to chair the cabinet. Even the Supreme court has noted
that the decision-making power lies with the cabinet and not the PM. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Let me also
mention an obsession of our intellectuals: foreign policy (4 out 5 of Raza’s
myths are foreign policy). Yet I find no foreign policy documents related to
strategic depth and our role in the Ummah put out by the government. Where are
the discussions on this? Where are the speeches and thoughts on this? Not mere
pouting by children and leaks like in Dawn leaks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We all hear
of Nawaz Sharif wanting better ties with India but has anyone seen a government
document defining the possibilities for the new relationship? Was that ever
taken up in the cabinet? Was that ever discussed in the National Security
Council? Can we see the minutes? Why does the PM and the FM not give us a white
paper. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Contrary to
popular intellectual opinion, PM is not elected to rule. Everything that he
wants cannot be policy. The system is operating in perpetuity and should. Each
ruler has no right to stop the work that was begun by the preceding government
and change all polices inherited. The election only gives them the right to
alter policy directions <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">after</i>
considerable consultation and due process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
Whimsical government ended with the renaissance. Now we have continuity in
policy which is tweaked and reformed through clear due process which our
democrats hate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Don’t derail the system but do let us talk of
reform<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">While Raza
talk of myths, let us also talk of the major omission--what we don’t discuss. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">All
discussion of reform is stifled by the intellectual/senior analyst class by
yelling ‘don’t derail the system.’ Any talk of reform is thought to be
anti-democracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
expectation that somehow good democracy would happen after dynasties have run
their course is expensive. Several generations will lose many opportunities
before this happens. And as we have seen these politicians will do all in their
power to strengthen their undemocratic system. They neither have the learning
nor the statesmanship to seek better democracy. We have seen they will further
foul up the system to make room for their family democracy. Will they allow
reform to make true democracy happen?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We must not
only talk of reform but agitate for it shout for it if we want a serious
democracy that will save our state and society. Raise your voice for reform so
that they are forced to change this system. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A large
number of issues must be discussed when it comes to reform. Here is a sampling.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we experiment with elections (proportional, ranked choice, multi round) that
will produce better results? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we have term limits?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we rule out families offering too many candidates? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we define parties better?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we totally separate the election commission from the executive? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Should
independent local governments not exist? With different election cycles? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Should we
not have more equal sized provinces for a better democracy? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we ban appointments for judges after retirement?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why is the
civil service not independent? Why is the civil service not reformed for professionalization
with open entry? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Should
there be an open transparent process to appoint people to key positions and taken
out of the hands of the PM.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The PM
should not have the power to transfer anybody. That is not part of
representation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There
should be limits on the PMs ability to change budgets, engage in arbitrary
expenditures, and give plots, perks and benefits to favorites. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We must ensure
due process is followed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we make parliamentary attendance compulsory? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why is
cabinet meeting not made compulsory? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why are
minutes of most meetings not made available even if it is with a delay? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Changes in
policy must be clearly planned, investigated and consulted. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Projects
must be whetted, investigated and made public. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why don’t
we set up watchdogs like the CBO? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The conversation must be on change to push politicians<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The family
democrats with arbitrary power love the conversation that protects them from
change. Should we keep the conversation on foreign policy and keep blaming the
army to let them consolidate their arbitrary, lazy and wasteful rule? This is
folly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Reform will
not happen if we don’t push them to make it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is all right to wish for democracy but then let us get proper
democracy and not some deformed variety that sneaks in dynasties from the back
door to give them excessive arbitrary power without checks and balances or due
process. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A reform
discussion does not hurt democracy. Instead it nurtures it. It is the bad kind
of reform that these politicians have done to consolidate arbitrary power that
destabilizes the system. Let us not blame ghosts and monsters for this; our
politicians repeatedly want to kill checks and balances and due process for
personal benefits. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The system
must be reformed for us to get a better crop of politicians who would want to develop
democracy and truly represent people and not their dynasties. And no, the
system is not derailed by talk of reform or a reform movement. On the contrary,
the current trend to strengthens elected dynasties is stifling democracy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And
remember democracy is not just a bad election. It has to be framed to allow
elections to deliver good government responsive to the needs to people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-65516774104292154122017-07-20T12:32:00.003-07:002017-07-20T12:32:56.478-07:00I deserve to be PM too: have all the qualifications!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "-webkit-standard","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Amer Durrani, a bright young Pakistani entrepreneur/professional wrote this and wanted it published and discussed. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "-webkit-standard","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "-webkit-standard","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Why? that should be obvious.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;">"I am a Pakistani. I believe that I am special. I
have no dignity. I have no shame. I have no principles. I feel righteous and
obligated to only my own beliefs. I know what is right for everybody. I am a
slave to tradition. I find common good and social courtesies outside my belief
system to be alien concepts. I am a “free-loader”. I do not want to work for a
living, let alone work hard. I want to score one big deal and make all the
money I need. I maybe dying of hunger but will shirk work as I believe the
society should feed me. I treat authority with contempt except my own. I
believe that slaughtering anybody in the name of my beliefs is ordained. I am
above all law as I believe in Allah! I believe that anyone who does not share
my belief system has no rights. I have no concept of what is a public office. I
want power, righteously or otherwise. I do not like sharing power. I do not
value anybody’s life and consequently unknowingly do not value my own either! I
believe in miracles. I have no desire to learn. I have no desire to understand.
I therefore do not value education. I could go on and on, but you got an idea.
You know where I am going with this. I therefore think I can do no wrong. I
have never done any wrong. I deserve to be a Pakistani. I deserve being the
Prime Minister, in fact!"</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-70159871565371996082017-07-15T05:56:00.001-07:002017-07-15T05:56:34.435-07:00The Biggest MYTH <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Raza Rumi
argued recently that there are 5 myths in the Pakistani discourse that need to
be put to rest. In his view these are the ‘Doctrine of Necessity,’ ‘Strategic
depth,’ ‘Use of Proxies’, ‘Ummah’ and ‘China will fix all’. Raza is right. A
large part of our media and intellect involved full time in discussing these
myths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">However, in
my mind these myths stem from another very big myth: that we have system of
governance and it is called democracy. The fact that we have an election once
every five years and elect the same families again and again and leave them to
do as they please is thought to be democracy in our intellectual circles. The
fact that dynasties are becoming secure in this electoral system is raising no
suspicions. Indeed, many are rushing to groom princes and princesses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is not democracy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Standard
argument given by many senior analysts is “the system must not be derailed!”
So, what is the system we are talking of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The way for
imperial Prime Ministry was paved when they removed all possibilities for
removing him. Democracy was killed when parliament made members redundant by
ruling out voting according to the conscience of the representative (14<sup>th</sup>
amendment). This means that all major legislation of the government is now
secure and that there is no threat to the government from parliament. There can
be no vote of confidence and the PM is more secure than a king.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conveniently,
they also removed term limits for the PM instead of putting them on for the
rest parliament. And of course, there are no limits on family members being
elected and even appointed to cabinet. Nor are here any age limits. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cabinets
are irrelevant as the ministers are individually responsible to the PM. They
serve at his whim and can be fired at will (we saw this when Rashid and Fatemi
took the fall over Dawn leaks). There is no process for cabinet meetings.
Minutes are never released. Proposals and their merits are never known. We
don’t know if it is more than tea and samosas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Soon after
taking power, leaders become rulers ruling through a coterie of civil servants
their own family and unelected friends. Government is merely a vessel for responding
to their whims. Whimsical policies and projects are then put in place without
due diligence. International agreements are signed without analysis. Loans are
signed with no transparency. Of course, public disclosure is as limited as
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We seem to
have more family democracy than representative democracy. Our parliament and
electoral system is dominated by a few families who have no work or policy
experience. They are professional politicians who only wait for elections.
Their wealth seems to grow but without any serious visible source of income.
Many families are so kind as to have several members in Parliament at the same
time. It is not uncommon to find one brother in each political party ensuring
that some family member will be in power closer to rent opportunities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Competent
and clever career people have little hope of being elected. Most don’t even try
because they know that this family democracy does not allow entry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Where are the institutions of checks and
balances, due process and transparency?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The rest of
the world does not see democracy as one election for a king but as a set of
checks and balances and a system of governance with due process and
transparency. One important check is local government which our democrats abhor
and dilute all the time. They prefer a malleable and beholden civil service
that they can control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At the
heart of democracy is ‘due process’ and ‘transparency’—terms that have not even
begun to be appreciated in Pakistan. For example, when they build their mega
projects, or sign CPEC or sign the LNG deal what kinds of consultations take
place where? Where and how was ‘due diligence ‘done? Was it shared with people?
Are their independent agencies that can analyze and report to the people on
these projects? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And we will
not even talk of whimsical things like ‘Sasti Roti’ ‘computers for kids’ Danish
schools’ --for all of which you will find no feasibilities, concept documents,
evaluations or audits in the public realm. Why not? Democracy requires that.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Should all
projects even at the local level be done by federal and provincial governments?
Are city projects not local? These are all questions that lie at the heart of
democracy. Prevention of public waste is the main responsibility of elected
representatives. As is the need to have projects and policies that affect
people close to the people. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Note that
the Congressional Budget Office is an independent government funded agency in
the US that scores all legislation for financial impacts and does so totally
independently. And it has impacted the recent health care law substantially. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PM is a king can dole out favors<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why are we
so unconcerned about the executive retaining so many control devices (from the
raj to corrupt all and weaken democracy? For example, the judiciary is
dependent for its perks (housing cars etc.), plots and then post retirement
jobs. These control devices are very important for controlling all levels of
the executive. No one sees how undemocratic these devices are?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Public land
and public exchequer is not the private domain of a PM in democracy. How can he
dole out public land as gifts of plots or as housing to officials? And these
intellectuals do not see that this is a control device for officials and judges
who should be independent. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PM can keep
as many ministries as she likes. Cabinet ministries are not his to keep. In a
proper democracy they must be filled at all times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
No one is surprised that he can take off whenever he likes to London or other
holiday destinations or undertake state visits without any prior planning or
strategy. Of course, this foreign travel involves the budget and often times
PIA planes. Is this democracy? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Because the
civil service has to be used for consolidating personal rule, they must be made
into a personal service. The Rules of Business say that the civil service is
the head of a department and he serves at the whim of the prime minister and
reports to him directly. Any secretary who falls out of line can be transferred
at the stroke of a pen. It certainly keeps them in line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Protection
of this system with all its distortions has become so important that even the
best of our intellectuals give support to what can at best be described as
elected autocracy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Commentators
truly think PM is king and there should be no check to his power. The myth has
been supported by our intellectuals that PM and even the CMs are not limited by
budgets, parliaments or rule of law. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But our
thinkers think democracy is about electing Akbar Badshah. So often we hear on
TV that the army must be under the PM and that everyone is under PM. Where then
are checks and balances that are the cornerstone of enlightenment definition of
democracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-79485599126375003682017-04-09T01:45:00.002-07:002017-04-09T01:45:52.180-07:00How do consultants, donors and Pakistani ministries solve problems?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
The flood of 2010 showed me (I was Deputy Chairman of Planning then) how dysfunctional policy was in Pakistan and yet how good our administration was at handling crises.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
When the flood struck, our foreign office did not consult the key economic ministries but only with a few donors to make tall claims in the international arena. Speeches were made in the UN that we had suffered a loss north of $40 billion. Immediately, the Friends of Pakistan (FOP) forum was activated. At the Planning Commission, there was no such estimate and our people told me the loss was much lower.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Upon checking I found that the FOP was a figment of our imagination. The group had met when the Zardari government came in and there was a sympathy for the new democracy and the memory of BB was fresh. Since then the pledges never materialised and the group did not want to operate outside the multilateral framework. Upon talking to both the Foreign ministry and foreign secretary, I leant that FOP was their economic baby and they were not ready to share it or even take our input on it.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
So, 40 billion dollars (about 20% of GDP) was the loss announced in the international arena. Unhappy and self-righteous donors charged into the Planning Commission (PC). There were so many of them in meetings then that the PC staff could not even find a place to sit. That is also an outcome of the fact that we continue to use buildings built in Ayub’s time. No office upgradation takes place. I guess we must wait till all of Pakistan is paved for cars. It is also evidence of how our hunger for aid has empowered donors beyond reason.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Any way these donor meetings were reminiscent of Monty Python. They were emotional and sad about the disaster pretending greater empathy than the local people. Their wanted the foreign office announced estimate of $ 40 billion damage to be true so that the demand for their services would increase further. Our administration closer to the situation was giving us feedback that the loss figures were not as large.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
World Bank and ADB proposed that they do an independent evaluation and we jumped at it. We also wanted a better estimate to clarify the hype. A huge team as assembles by these agencies–some 50 people including consultants initiated work on damage assessment, but few left Islamabad. There were questionnaires and forms which our administration filled out. After all, the people in remote areas where relief and rescue was taking place were Pakistan officials including the army.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Any way a couple of months later donors had an estimate of the damage. The loss was nowhere near the $40 billion dollar that the Foreign office had put out. The direct loss (property, life infrastructure) was not even $5 billion, more like $3 billion. Looking rather sheepish they presented their report and put in a loss of crop of $5 billion to show a round figure of $10 billion. It is another matter that we had a robust agricultural output growth that year as the flood helped enrich the soil.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Now of course the donor knew better and they felt more for the poor than the policymaker in Pakistan. Their proposals were well-meaning (so don’t laugh)</div>
<ul style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px;"><em>Build back better</em> was the slogan they coined. Let us design and build model villages with nice concrete houses, motor-able roads and all manner of social and civil amenities such as parks and schools. Of course, they were prepared to give Pakistan loans to do this. Should we do this? The villages we are talking about are in the flood plain and the designs were for towns rather than the villages that were affected. Bizarre!</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px;"><em>Flood-proof houses: </em>They wanted flood- and earthquake-proof houses. What are these? Build 10-foot concrete platforms so poor villagers would put their mud huts on them. And of course, they would carry their animals and their kith and kin up the 10-foot platform every day because some consultant thought up this great idea. And when the floods came again they would wait on their platform for boats to rescue them. Bizarrer still!</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px;"><em>Land in alternative locations:</em> Then there was the proposal give them alternative land so that they stop living in the flood plain. So, if we do that would this not set up an incentive for more and more people to park themselves in a flood plain so that next time they can get land somewhere else? Perhaps the people who got this land would sell that land and come back to the flood plain hoping to collect once again when another flood hits? Even more bizarre.</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
When we said that none of this makes sense, we will give them cash compensation with advice to move out of the flood plain and possibly to a city, donors reacted by saying your cities are a mess with limited infrastructure. Do you want your cities to become slums?</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
My answer was we need slums. Our cities are too manicured for the rich and their cars. Let the cars of the rich be little discomforted. Let the donor-consultant houses in F6 and F7 overlook slums so they too see how the poor live.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
I pointed out that it was in the slums of London that the Pakistani immigrants produced several millionaires and numerous middle class successes. After the civil war in the US, freed slaves converged to cities like Chicago and New York and lived in slums for decades. It was in the ghettoes that they developed musicians, writers, famous sportsmen, business leaders and political leaders.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Slums ferment with activity including crime but most of all they provide opportunity to all. In time slums are cleaned out. The East End of London, Bronx, Harlem, North East DC are all areas that are now cleaned out and gentrified. They may be very necessary to eradicate poverty and there is no reason to try to zone them out.</div>
<div style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Sadly, while our administration and army did manage to save lives and handle the flood well, policymakers were busy grandstanding and unable to coordinate among ministries. Nor were we able to handle a huge and growing donor sector – that now thinks that it is ruling the country while taking no responsibility.</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-12285345297765619882017-03-06T11:15:00.002-08:002017-03-06T11:15:56.494-08:00Climate Change <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">We take up this important subject with Adil Najam Who you have met before. Adil is the Dean of Pardee School in Boston University. </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Fascinating discussion. </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Adil framed the debate very well examining technical and economic issues. He also discussed why the dialog has turned antagonistic and political.</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Yet the fact is climate change is real. </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">We discussed solutions to the problem most of which are at the global level.</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">However, all countries must however respond to the challenges presented by climate change. And those responses may not be simple but will require a lot of thought as well as research. </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif'; font-size: 16pt;">So, do listen and learn. Lots of ideas. </span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-34435843559273831072017-02-28T13:32:00.001-08:002017-02-28T13:32:35.776-08:00Why not Khokhas Everywhere?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Street-vending through kiosks
(khokhas or dhabas) or mobile vendors (chabri wallahs, truck, bicycles or motor
cycles) are all legitimate activities which allow the poor opportunities. All
societies through history have had these activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An unemployed person can with a small amount
of money buy some fruit and serve it on a small platform or a cart. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Used to be a time we would see
these vendors all over Pakistani cities selling all manner of things. There was
guy selling the most awesome wire puzzles that I wish had kept. There used to
be the guy in bicycle who used to be only supplier of used Marvel comics and
science fiction books.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">As teenagers, we used to walk
or bike to local khokhas to learn how pick up all manner of goods as they were
conveniently located and often cheaper than bigger stores. They were also
willing to do things like give you one cigarette from a pack or one biscuit
from a pack as opposed to buying a whole packet. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Then somewhere in the 80s when
we seriously adopted the suburban DHA model, all roads were widened to make way
for the cars. Many of my favorite khokhas were taken away. I wondered where the
owners had gone till one day I found one of the vendors in dire straits forced
to beg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Later our pristine suburban
neighborhoods got very exclusive and the mobile vendor who used to visit us
earlier were now diligently stopped by the police as well as private security.
Various forms of hawkers (the guy with the churun (a spicy paste or powder), or
the vendor carrying the rubbery candy with which he made bicycles or figures,
or the kulfi wallah) disappeared. I wonder where they are begging now? <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Meanwhile bureaucrats who ran
cities became increasingly wedded to the American Suburban model with endless
single family homes and broad avenues for cars. Of course, they kept prime
areas for their government owned housing and government-subsidized leisure
clubs as well as plots for themselves. The poor did not fit into this scheme.
The masters of the city with their perks and plots therefore got even more
strict with the street vendors. Police were told to vigorously eradicate all
forms of poverty—poor housing and street vendors—from the line of sight of
speeding cars.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Occasionally a street vendor shows
up on a side street but in a matter of hours you will find some policemen
throwing him out. YouTube even has videos of policemen in Karachi upsetting
carts of street vendors destroying their inventory. DHA the pinnacle of good
estate management will not allow any street vendors. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Meanwhile we in policy circles
began to measure poverty and continually talk of poverty eradication. Donors
forced us to initiate many poverty alleviation projects. We have BISP where we
are giving them conditional and unconditional cash transfers. We have skill
development agencies in every province and at the federal level and we also
have funds to foster skill development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We also have several large microcredit-providing agencies and several
banks that these agencies finance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">So, what is it that people do
with the few thousand rupees that these programs give them? There are no
studies on this question. Mostly people ad lib, “they start their own
business.” And most frequently, the business is thought to be a sewing machine.
One wonders how many sewing machine businesses can the poor run?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">So, the next question is
“where can they set up this business?” Here the consultants have no answer.
Weakly they say “at home?” But poor homes are so small and their families
large. Do they have space to operate? Besides, their clientele would be the
neighborhood? Or will the spend time peddling their wares? And how, when no
such activity is allowed?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">I have personally pushed for
the liberalization of street vending business for the last 15 years. I have
presented this proposal to prime ministers and the chief ministers. They liked the
idea until the bureaucrats shot it down. “Why?” you would ask. I can think of
no reason other than power and hubris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Unlike Pakistan the rest of
the world has a huge number of street vendors in their cities. Scanning some
recent research on the subject I found these estimates of the number of street
vendors in some major cities in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">City<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Street
Vendors<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Manhattan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">50,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Mexico City <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">185,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Seoul<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">800,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Manila<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">50,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Kuala Lampur
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">47,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Bangkok <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">100,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
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<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Dhaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">100,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Street vending is a legitimate
entrepreneurial activity for the poor. It also adds to city life as many of us
have felt when we go to Manhattan, London, Singapore or Bangkok. It adds
vitality to and vibrancy to the community promoting mingling opportunities
among the most diverse segments of the society. It also extends the range of
goods available and promotes price competition which serves the community with
both more goods and services and at lower prices. It also promotes street
safety as it puts more ‘eyes on the street’<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Many well-known entrepreneurs took
their first steps as street vendors to grow large businesses. Vienna Beef is a large
company that makes hot dogs, sausages and other food items started out as a
street vending company. A heartwarming story from India is making the rounds
about a blind man, Bavesh Bhatia who has developed a multi-million dollar
business starting off as a street vendor. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">Is it not time that we allowed
street vendors everywhere in our cities. Every street and street corner should
be allowed to have a street vendor. Cars must be made to give space to the
poor. And there is no reason to associate street vending with poor sanitation
and aesthetics. A careful and good policy can be developed to develop street
vending cleanly and aesthetically. We can work out a good policy for street
vending. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">I find it strange that there
are street vendors within a stone’s throw of the White house, the Congress and
Washington DC landmarks and none on Constitution Avenue Islamabad. If hawkers
hang out near Buckingham Palace and the Parliament, why can’t there be khokhas
next to the Governor’s house, Gymkhana, Punjab Club and the Corps Commander
house in Lahore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">So, let us not give the poor
mere handouts without the space to grow. Street vending is a legitimate right
of the poor to claim their share of entrepreneurship. Accept it and allow them
to grow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-72094396078561047632017-02-17T13:54:00.001-08:002017-02-17T13:54:15.533-08:00Mobility for all<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Pakistan is obsessed with
cars and big lovely roads for these cars. For decades, the biggest item in the
PSDP has been roads. We have built many highways. Most big cities in Pakistan
are connected by a highway. Checking on Google maps I found that travel time
between cities in Pakistan is almost the same as similar distances in the US.
People with cars are very happy and love to talk about how fast they travel
between cities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is easier now to
spend your time in metropolitan centers playing golf and occasionally visit
your farm to collect your rents. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
The presumed benefit of
all this connectivity to GDP growth and welfare continues to elude the economy.
Pakistan continues to grow between 3 and 5 percent far less than the 8+ percent
required by our demographic trends. Yet the policymaker seems to think that
roads will lead to economic growth.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Within cities especially
the favorites there is a continued effort to reduce the travel time for cars.
Roads are continuously widened, flyovers and underpasses added and signal-free
corridors added to facilitate fast cars. Once again the rich are happy but
there has been no visible productivity improvement such as increased output,
more commercial and entrepreneurial activity. Inadequate GDP growth reveals
that this investment too is not paying off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
I remember senior
policymakers were surprised after all this flyover-building and road-widening
for cars, that poor were driven out of the city mobility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Horse drawn carts, bicycles, pedestrians were
left with no room. The extensive car infrastructure is anti-poor. Bear in mind
in a city like Lahore with a population of over 10 million there are about
300,000 cars. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Now our leaders have
woken up to building public transport. Who can disagree with that? We are
building huge lines across Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi, Multan and I suppose
more will come. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Roughly speaking in Lahore,
we have spent 2.5 billion on 2 lines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three
more are proposed. Extrapolating from the existing costs, these will cost
another 3 billion. The reason for the high cost is that the metro had to be
elevated to preserve roads for cars. There is also an operating annual subsidy
which will grow over time. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
So, we are subsidizing
cars with wide roads and flyovers, and subsidizing those that are lucky enough
to live by metros. We are told there are 170,000 people using it daily the
Green line that is operating now. Extrapolating again, we can assume that there
may be about 1.5 million people when this metros system is completed. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
This whimsical policy
will at best cater to less than 15% of Lahore’s population by the time it is
completed (assuming trend growth in population).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Is there a better
alternative? Indeed, there is. Let us talk about it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Enrique Penelosa the
famous mayor of Bogota came to Pakistan and talked about it. But did anyone
listen? Unfortunately, not! Such occasions turn into events for protocol and key
people miss the message.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Penelosa famously pointed out that cities need to balance
the right to mobility with the right to city public space. Prioritizing cars
and giving them the wide roads while building metros on platforms to provide
more space to cars at a cost of 5 billion USD has many implications:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>cars have most of the city mobility space;</li>
<li>most city funding even that for building the elevated
metro has been used for preserving the status and speed of cars;</li>
<li>all this expenditure
for cars means there is little money for other important activities such as
health care, education and community development. </li>
</ol>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Penelosa points to
mobility as a right for all and for a city to provide some equity in mobility.
It is well known that the mobility for the poor is mostly walking and
bicycling. Even in our cities, studies show that the poor mainly walk or cycle.
Yet our whimsical policies favoring cars has seen to it that there is no space
for the poor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
To make it convenient for
cars, the metro is elevated and there is no pedestrian or bicycle access to the
metro. Poor pedestrians must dodge cars and then climb 3 floors to catch the
metro. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
What is needed is a
change of focus from cars to mobility for all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One car takes the space of about 100 pedestrians when you consider the
space that must be kept free in front back. In that space 15-20 bicycles can be
operated. A bus with a about 80-100 passengers takes about the space of 3
cars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
Why then should cars be
subsidized and not priced? Most big cities smaller than Lahore and Karachi are
pricing the use of the car to discourage car travel and encourage other forms
of travel. Not only does this meet the Penelosa principle of equity in mobility
it also saves city resources for the many other more important uses.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How should cars be priced?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Congestion charges to enter and operate in a
city center-- the denser more commercial parts of the city.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> In dedicated lanes, they can go faster but at a
price. They can even be charged for every mile they use dedicated fast lane.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> Meaningful metered parking charges for use of appropriately
designated parking spaces.</span></li>
</ul>
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Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
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Technology allows such
charges to be collected very cheaply through mobile phones. Such charges allow
car users to rationally consider the use of their cars and planning trips to
minimize cost to them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Charging cars in this manner frees up road space which can
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Develop paths for pedestrians and cyclists.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> Provide more dedicated bus routes without
building elevated tracks.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Provide space for street commerce with kiosks
for poor entrepreneurship.</span></li>
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<!--EndFragment--><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> t With this little tweak in
policy we could have better cities and provide cheaper more people-friendly
metros buses. People would also be provided people with more choices of
transport such as walking and bicycling. We could also do away with the
elevated tracks and flyovers that increasingly are viewed as ugly and expensive
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It has the added
advantage of saving large sums that are now being spent on roads and elevated
metros while also giving the city an additional source of revenue (tolls and
congestion charges) with which to provide better city services. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-60257877721736143362017-02-13T05:41:00.000-08:002017-02-13T09:48:24.590-08:00Take policy back from the ‘Economic Hit-men’<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Everyone</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">familiar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">with</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">“Economic</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Hitmen”</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">what</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">do</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">poor</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">countries</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Many</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pakistani</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">TV</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">commentators</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">columnists</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">have</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">been</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">referring</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">“Economic</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Hitmen”</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">but</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">mainly</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">in</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">context</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">debt</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">However,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Hitmen</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">have</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">evolved</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> beyond the book </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">operate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">much</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">more</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">subtly</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">now</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Now</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">control</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">policy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> through a monopoly on </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">thought</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">research</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">They
also have</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">huge</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">advocacy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">funds</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> (20-500 </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">million</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">dollars</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">) </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">where</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">can</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">buy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">local</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">intellectuals</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">media</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">space. Through such
activities, they</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">define</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">poor</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">societies</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">for all including the country’s citizenry</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Inundated</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">with</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">this</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">advocacy,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">local</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">talking</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">heads</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">groups</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">start</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">repeating</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">advocacy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">mantras</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">NGOs are set up to run
campaigns </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">to project </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">visions</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">characterizations</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">poor countries that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">want</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">One</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">such</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">important</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">advocacy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">campaign</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">run</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">by</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Adam</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Smith</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">International</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> a firm that is under scrutiny </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">by UK</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">parliament</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">It</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">campaign</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">us</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">we</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">all</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">cheats</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">there</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">need</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">us</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">more</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">You</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">can see</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">donors</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">their</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">consultants</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">united</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">in</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">an</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">analysis</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">suggesting that the only way forward is more taxes regardless of bad policy
or poor expenditure management</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Meanwhile,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">poor</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pakistan</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">suffers</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">probably the most messed
up tax policy anywhere is the world. (To see how bad our policy is see writings
of Huzaima and Ikram ul Haq). Instead of fixing the policy, every few months,
consultants give the government a new list of arbitrary taxes to add to the
mess. Almost</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">all</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">paying</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">income</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">through</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">withholding</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">taxes</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">on</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">mobile</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">calls,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">electricity</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">many</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">other</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">services</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Strangely</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">enough</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">our</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">leaders,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">bureaucrats,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">intelligentsia,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">never</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">challenge</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">this</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">disparaging</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">our</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">people;</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">instead</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">feed</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">it</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. TV shows, newspaper columns repeatedly suggest that
low ta/GDP ratio is the most fundamental economic problem. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">All</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sensible</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">debate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">on</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">this</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">issue</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">ruled</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">out</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">by</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">advocacy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">funds</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">which</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">have</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">been</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">charged</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">us</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">we</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">bad</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">we</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">do</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">not</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">pay</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">taxes</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">They</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">never</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">respond</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">questions such as</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">“what</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">should</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">I</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">pay</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">more</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">for?”</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">or</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">“are</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">expenditures</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">currently</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">used</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">wisely?”</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Or “w</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">hy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">should</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">spends</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">on</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">whimsical</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">projects</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">refuses</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">use</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">its</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">assets</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">railways,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">city</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">real</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">estate,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">PIA</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">etc</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">) wisely </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">be</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">given</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">more?”</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">They
also don’t want us to see how overburdened the economy is with bad policy
pushed by ‘advocacy.’ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">can</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">also</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">people</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">through</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">several</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">methods</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">other</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">than</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">taxation</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. For example, b</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">anning activities operates like a tax. Think
about it, for</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">decades,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">private</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sector</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">media</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">activity was not
allowed</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Several</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">high</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">paying</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">occupations</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> (eg., </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">journalists,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">actors,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">commentators,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">producers and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">directors</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">) </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">have</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">opened</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">now</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">It</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">easy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">see</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">ban</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">imposed</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">huge</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">burden</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">on</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">society</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. Even today policy
continues to restrain activities such as large construction, development of
inner city commercial and leisure activities. One can only wonder at the cost
to society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Government
can tax us by operating inefficient government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">owned</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">companies</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> and giving these
companies t</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">axpayer</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">funds</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">as</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">well</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">as</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">favorable</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">treatment</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> to prevent competitive </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">private sector activity that would
provide better cheaper service.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Glaring</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">examples</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> government owned </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">construction</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">companies</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> (eg., NLC) which are given </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">non</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">competitive</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">awards for large
projects such as road and bridge construction. Airline,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">airport,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">gas</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">development</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">distribution,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">agricultural</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">procurement</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">other</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">areas</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">where</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">either</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">monopolizes</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">or</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">heavily</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">distorts</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">competition</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Policy
also</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">gives</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">protection</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> to cars and engineering goods. It also gives </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">exemptions</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">chosen</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">activities</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">or</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">industries (eg electrical goods)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.
In both cases prices of goods in domestic markets are forced above
international markets. In both cases people are forced to buy goods of lesser
quality than available internationally. This is a tax for consumers which
beneficiary industries (not government) collect in the form of profits. The
cost of these polices to the government revenues is about 3 </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> 4 </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">GDP</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. The important point to note is that consumers have
paid this tax. Change these policies and </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">increase</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">revenue</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">by</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> 3 </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> 4</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">%</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">GDP and
stop calling people cheats. Consumers lose much more than what they pay as they
get substandard cars and goods. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">perks</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">privileges</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">also</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">burden</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Take</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">for</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">example</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">large</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">amount</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tax</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">free</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">compensation</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">servants</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">receive</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">in</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">form</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">perks</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">houses,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">cars,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">servants,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">utility</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">bills,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">plots</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">). </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">If</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">these</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">were</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">monetized</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">revenue</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">collection</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">would</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">increase</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Prime</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">real</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">estate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">for</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">providing</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">housing</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">leisure</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">activities</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">officials could be released for development.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">A Planning Commission study showed in 2012 that such a reform limited
only Islamabad could increase investment potential by trillions of rupees.
Capital thus created would expand the tax base. GDP growth would grow by about
2 % per annum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">perks</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">culture</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">has</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">also</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">held</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">real</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">estate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">development</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">hostage</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">for</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">decades</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">as</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">officials</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">seek</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">reward</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">themselves</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">through</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">plots</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Private</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">real</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">estate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">development</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">is</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">held</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">hostage</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">to</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">plot</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">culture</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">as</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">government</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sponsored</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">real</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">estate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">developers</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">DHA</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Coop</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">societies</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">dominate</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">market</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Merely
changing government policies in these few areas would allow the economy to grow
as well as increase tax/GDP ratio way more than donor-advocated policies of
taxing milk school fees and mobile phone calls. And there are many more that we
can and should discuss. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">We
need to take back our policy from the ‘hitmen’ and their advocacy funds. “Donor-advocacy”
suggests that good policy is to leave expenditures</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">structure</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the economy</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> alone and rely on imposing
arbitrary taxes on milk, SMSs. This is bad policy! Besides why would you want
to give wasteful setup more money without reforming it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Advocacy
is mindlessly taxing an</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">already</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">overburdened</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">economy,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">laboring</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">under</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">yoke</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">inefficient</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">regulation,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">excessive</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">poor</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">quality</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">PSE</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">intervention,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">an</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">incentive</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">structure</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">of</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">officials</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">precludes</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">economic</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">activity</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-53715869875121864672016-06-19T08:44:00.000-07:002016-06-19T08:44:02.918-07:00The Urban Sprawl<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>With Waqas Younas</b></div>
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Cities are often a reflection of their zoning codes. Unfortunately, in Pakistan citizens never have any say in how their cities and towns are designed. The width of our streets, height of our homes, size of building lots, amount of space reserved for pedestrians, even the reason we cannot operate a donut store in our garage are all dictated by zoning regulations.</div>
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Bad zoning codes result in sprawl – and sprawl make societies worse off. According to urbanist Charles Montgomery, sprawls result in bad health, little trust and low social capital. Moreover, people living in sprawls are less likely to volunteer, vote and even join political parties. Therefore bad zoning codes result in miserable communities and they are affecting our cities too. But how do our zoning codes and misuse of land result in sprawl?</div>
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First of all, our zoning codes discourage mixed-use and high-rise development. There are no apartment buildings with shops and offices near even within such buildings. Most well-designed cities that we appreciate are based on mixed use.</div>
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Our zoning codes also mandate that for new housing projects developers buy land in hundreds of acres. This results in sprawl primarily because hundreds of acres are usually not available within a city. It also encourages big investors who can afford that much land, thus reducing competition. An aside, it reduces the availability of fertile agricultural land.</div>
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The fact that the government owns large chunks of prime urban land reduces the supply of available land within cities, which in turn also leads to sprawl. There is a huge opportunity cost of the inner city land that government holds to provide its officials with plush housing and unnecessary offices. A Planning Commission study showed that investment could increase by 50 percent of GDP over 10 years – if this land were made available for mixed-use, high-rise development.</div>
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Our traffic management focuses on building roads and corridors for cars. The use of cars has been facilitated at the expense of other forms of transport such as bicycles, walking, taxis and even buses. With cars so subsidised, it is not hard to see why the sprawl is spreading.</div>
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In most cities, the planning process often has no zoning for the poor. Apartment buildings are seriously discouraged through planning permissions and high fees for commercialization. For some reason our planners think of apartments as commercialisation, and so poor housing is taxed heavily.</div>
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Rich housing – single family homes with highways leading to them – are encouraged. Planners even forget to cost the infrastructure required by such housing. Pipes, electricity roads etc – eventually all this expense is borne by the poor of the city.</div>
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Excessive focus on form over function has incentivised inefficient use of land to attract customers, and inefficient use of land leads to sprawl. As consumers we have to pay more attention to form than aesthetically appealing architectures because empirical evidence shows that though we place more weight on physical features, eventually we might be less happier in physically appealing buildings. A study at Harvard by Elizabeth Dunn had students select their houses for their subsequent school years; there was a forecast among students that they would be happier in beautiful houses than less appealing ones.</div>
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However, after students settled in these houses their happiness was determined more by social features and the quality of relationships they developed in those houses. Students ended up being happier in architecturally miserable houses because they had better social features. Dunn noted: “Participants overestimated how happy they would be in desirable houses and how miserable they would be in undesirable houses. Our results suggest that forecasters may have erred by focusing on physical features such as location while virtually ignoring the quality of social life in the houses.”</div>
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We can try to fix our land use and zoning laws to discourage sprawl and thereby construct more equitable, vibrant and productive cities.</div>
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We need to tweak our zoning codes so we can build high-rise and mixed-use property to create more spaces for people in a more concentrated area. We need to think more about building vertically rather than horizontally.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 1.28571rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
Zoning laws should encourage competition and also mandate socially-responsible housing. Large investors who buy the hundreds of kanals mandated are keen to maximise their profits, so their plans price out low-income households. This results in illegal housing and housing schemes deprived of the basic necessities of life. Zoning codes in some developed countries mandate social housing that accommodates people from low-income background. This helps mitigate sprawl and fosters tolerance, trust, equality and care.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 1.28571rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
Our zoning codes should encourage urban development with high FARs (Floor Area Ratio). According to a study, on urban land and housing markets in Punjab by David Dowall and Peter Ellis, restrictive FARs are constraining urban density in Punjab. The study also notes that low FARs result in high land prices, a reduction in agglomeration benefits, lengthier commutes, limits formal housing (thus pricing out poor), and affects low-income most.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 1.28571rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
Zoning codes shouldn’t incentivise parking. Currently developers are mandated by law to provide parking spaces – no matter the type of building. Incentivising parking means we are encouraging developers to create commercial and housing projects farther away from urban centres and encouraging people to shop farther away from home.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 1.28571rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
Both of these lead to sprawl. In addition, according to economist Donald Shoup, “minimum parking requirements subsidize cars, increase traffic congestion and carbon emissions, pollute the air and water, raise housing costs, exclude poor people, degrade urban design, reduce walkability and damage the economy.” More land for parking also means less land for housing, shops, libraries, schools and hospitals.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 1.28571rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
It is important to understand where we are headed. All major cities like Karachi and Lahore have master plans. Though inhabitants should have the largest say in shaping cities, their input is never incorporated in these master plans. Our zoning codes should address senior citizens, persons with disabilities, as well as matters of public bike sharing, low-income households and the fact that real-estate developers should be mandated to give back to society in the of schools, libraries and hospitals.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 1.28571rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
Whenever we move into a particular housing society there is only one zoning law available; there have to be alternatives that prevent or repair sprawl. We need to correct our zoning codes by looking at other poorly-designed modern cities are and not repeating their mistakes.</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-91328912950726284462016-06-19T06:58:00.000-07:002016-06-19T06:58:11.539-07:00Why does Pakistan economy not grow at a rate required by our demographics?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">Pakistan economy grows in spurts. Pakistan has a young population is that needs employment. </span><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
"Given the youth bulge that Paksitan is going through till 2050, the economy needs to at a sustained rate of 8% per annum for the next 30 years" Framework of Economic Growth of the Planning Commission 2011.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
Questions discussed are:</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
What can we learn from the growth experience of the world?</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
The importance of the software of growth--institutions and what institutions are?</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
what is the the geography of growth</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
The preoccupation fo our rulers with "hardware"--projects and aid.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
Anjum and Nadeem Discuss many aspects of growth policy and literature while also discussing why Paksitan does not attained the required sustained growth. </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
An important subject to which we will return again and again. </div>
<br />
<br />
<iframe data-name="pd-iframe-player" frameborder="0" height="100" scrolling="no" src="http://www.podbean.com/media/player/audio/postId/6185478?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnhaquepod.podbean.com%2Fe%2Fwhy-does-pakistan-economy-not-grow-at-a-rate-required-by-our-demographics%2F%3Ftoken%3D16430591dd96aae26f7cbf1742d31a99" width="100%"></iframe></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-11120953502805295122016-06-18T09:53:00.001-07:002016-06-18T10:00:09.981-07:00Why Pakistan economy is not growing at potential<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This episode is dedicated to the architects of Planning commission and the early growth model in Paksitan: Zahid Husain and Said Hasan<br />
<br />
We return to the subject of growth with Atif Mian, one of Paksitan's brightest economists. He now holds that Theodore Wells Professorship at Princeton.<br />
<br />
Like we argued in our earlier episode (number 4) growth underlies everything and is an important subject that we must understand better. We will keep returning to this subject with Paksitan's key economists to share with you as many informed opinions as we can.<br />
<br />
Today it is a pleasure to welcome one of Pakistan's brightest young economists Atif Mian who has achieved a chaired professorship in Princeton and written an excellent book entitled "House of Debt."
Everyone must listen to Atif on this important subject. We certainly hope that even policymakers will listen and learn.<br />
<br />
Questions addressed are:<br />
How has Paksitan grown in comparison to its peers?<br />
What has kept Pakistan back?<br />
Is the policy of "hardware development" (aid backed megaprojects) going to deliver the required growth acceleration?<br />
How important is the "software" (institutions, rights etc) of growth?<br />
<br />
We hope you will listen and discuss these issues and influence our policymakers with some new thinking from our best young minds
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-55443025296702988952016-06-15T14:27:00.002-07:002016-06-15T14:32:27.841-07:00Analyzing economic research in Pakistan <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana";">Anjum and Nadeem discuss economic research in Paksitan. Questions examined are:</span><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
What is driving research? </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
How relevant has it been to the larger problems facing Paksitan?</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
Is research affecting policy?</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
Where is the demand for research? </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
Where is research funding? </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
Does the funding drive research issues and agenda?</div>
<br style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;" />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
Should the government define a role for itself in research? </div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
Should the government fund more research? <iframe data-name="pd-iframe-player" frameborder="0" height="100" scrolling="no" src="http://www.podbean.com/media/player/audio/postId/6292534?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnhaquepod.podbean.com%2Fe%2Fanalyzing-economic-research-in-pakistan%2F%3Ftoken%3Df708c533e09506ec385e6c5ebe4823ba" width="100%"></iframe></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-19976531925869347812016-06-07T08:32:00.001-07:002016-06-07T08:32:46.430-07:00What is corruption?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">We discuss with Farooq Suleria a Scholar teaching at SOAS his research on corruption. The discussion focusses on how to define and study corruption. </span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Should we really be worried about mere bribe-taking or should the use of money to win government favors and shape government policy also be included? </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Is the business of ranking and measuring corruption biased to making poor countries appear more corrupt than they are?</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Is it mere lack of institutions and poor governance that is being measured as corruption? </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Legalized corruption si seldom discussed. Is that why the west appears less corrupt since rentsseking has been legislated? </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;" /></span>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Various types of corruption are discussed. This is a topic that affects Pakistan deeply. We urge researchers to listen to this discussion and develop further research in this area. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<iframe data-name="pd-iframe-player" frameborder="0" height="100" scrolling="no" src="http://www.podbean.com/media/player/audio/postId/6288592?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnhaquepod.podbean.com%2Fe%2Fwhat-is-corruption%2F%3Ftoken%3D0218b570b94ef1072994511ac6625e7c" width="100%"></iframe></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-43781242907829721082016-06-04T07:01:00.002-07:002016-06-04T07:01:42.360-07:00Democracy needs checks and balances<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since 1977 the struggle between democracy and martial law
has stunted our national political debate to a binary: democracy or martial
law. Proponents of democracy talk of not criticizing democracy for fear of
another martial law. Those who support military intervention think of the
military coming in to clean out the system which, is seen to be taking care of
past corruption and then restarting the system with a fresh election to allow
the same people in again. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The incumbent government too tames the opposition within the
parliament and outside by scaring them with the possibility of return to
military rule. Their cry is “leave our misrule alone or the army may take over
and return you to dictatorship.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Proponents further argue that if the system is allowed to
run for a long time repeated elections will act as a filter to produce good
governance. They have a hard time explaining the 6 election since Zia which
have brought back PPP and PMLN despite their many failures. The system seems to
be ‘rigged’ to prevent new entrants. Claims of electoral fraud too abound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yet barely a year into an elected government, the executive
begins to show a disregard for democracy by shunning parliament, concentrating
power in the chief executive and making a mockery of all official process. Poor
quality appointments are made questionable policies and projects are hastily
initiated without thought or process. Key issues such as power shortages, the
losses of the PSEs, the continual decline of the education system, the need for
a local government, sensible economic management are barely addressed. Bad
management and policymaking seems to become obvious in a very short time and
yet 3-4 years to an election remain making all wish this time could be
shortened. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Repeated elections seem to empower scions of powerful
families and members of their retinue. An office after an election is seen as
an opportunity to amass wealth. Those who get elected seldom have work
experience or a serious education. Many of them have no resume to show that
they ever developed a work habit. Yet they get elected because they have
ensured that administration works at their behest and there is no rule of law.
People have to turn to them for their rights and ordinary dealings with the
state. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So should the army stay out and let this system continue?
Will this democratic setup converge to a true democratic solution? Will it give
us our rights, good governance, systems of justice, accountability and good
policy? I think not. Let me tell u why.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elections alone are not enough to provide a system of
governance for individual freedom and the welfare of the people. Fascism was
instituted through elections while the world has seen many episodes of the
tyranny of the majority (such as suppression of minorities). Repeated elections
were not required in such cases nor allowed. In such cases it was outside
intervention, such as international law and charters and sometimes even
violence that came to the rescue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our elected leaders will not even allow a redistricting of
their constituencies through either a census or some other means for fairer
representation. They have resisted any change in electoral laws, the election
commission or any other aspect of the system. We continue to have the most
outmoded system of “first past the post” election where people get elected on votes
of a small segment of the electorate. The winning party often rules with about
a third of the voters in a low turnout. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All amendments to the constitution have been self serving.
The 14<sup>th</sup> amendment prohibits voting outside party lines on any major
legislation. With parliament thus emasculated, the executive need not worry.
They don’t want term limits. They don’t want to debate or legislate. They don’t
watch the budget. All they want is a piece of the government pie through
development projects or positioning their own people in government for maximizing
their power or rent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Politicians have also agreed to share the spoils by keeping
the broken governance system broken. There is no serious effort at legislation
or policy. Instead, they have sold the idea to the people that their job is to
do big high visibility projects without worrying about future obligations
arising from them. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is there any hope from this system moving to a better state
even if we have many elections? Remember each election is 5 years apart. So how
many elections do we need? Ten. So we have 50 years to waste on these
politicians’ shenanigans? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Look at it another way. Dynamic systems that are not
properly configured may not lead to stable solutions no matter how long they
are allowed to run. However, a well designed system (a car, a space shuttle etc.)
will remain stable and arrive at a desired destination. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A constitution is the framework that defines the dynamic of
democracy. If not properly designed, repeated elections might also not lead to
desired democratic governance. This is why most countries have increased their efforts
to design better constitutions. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Constitutions define the checks on the elected and the
domains in which they operate. Montesquieu taught us the importance of checks
and balances. The executive power must be curtailed and the 3 estates of
governance--executive, judiciary and legislature—must all be independent of
each other. Nowhere do the elected have absolute power as in Pakistan. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The modern state vests a lot of policy and monitoring in independent
government agencies, regulatory agencies, universities, think tanks and monitoring
agencies that are professionally staffed and beyond the power of the elected or
the executive controlled by them. Here not even a university or a hospital is
independent of the executive. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our constitution was made by politicians for themselves
without adequate consultation with the people. It has been distorted to further
power of the executive. It will never give us a system of governance that is
inclusive and works for the people unless we amend it as well as support it by
further legislation to introduce checks and balances. Don’t hold your breath
for these politicians to do it or elections to yield this. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So should the army step in?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Elections should be a contest for determining the future
vision and policy of a society. Here contestability is for rents not policy and
people’s welfare. Politicians are now openly colluding against the welfare of
the people. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The only form of contestation that these colluding
politicians face is the army. So what is wrong if the army knocks them off
their perch? This is not to say the army will reform the system (although there
are examples of generals who have conducted major reform that have served the
country well e.g., Chile and Turkey). Most likely our generals will not. Sadly,
we lack enlightenment and generals are no exception. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, repeated army intervention may push all to learn that
the constitution needs amendment for more checks and balances, a better
electoral system, shorter tenures, term limits, staggered elections, local
government, and independent agencies beyond the pale of the PM and politicians.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A better constitution will give a better democracy which in
turn will prevent military takeovers in future. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let us speed up the process by not continually discussing
the binary--army or democracy. Instead develop and discuss reform for dispersal
of power and checks and balances. Let the army and the politicians fight for
power, while we spell out reform. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Remember, in the end, ideas win. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-57533154734058230982016-05-15T21:20:00.000-07:002016-05-15T21:20:06.600-07:00Pakistanis pay taxes; Blame tax policy and administration <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: x-small;">Pakistanis are paying a lot of tax contrary to the propaganda of donors. </span><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">
The mess that is tax policy has been created by decades of poor policymaking and administration that has been supported by bad technical assistance of donors.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: x-small;">Dr. Ikramul Haq and Huzaima Bukhari leading Tax lawyers and tax policy experts talk to us about how badly this area needs implication and clarity. Rather than follow complications of donor consultants, they put forward home-grown reforms for the simplification fo tax policy and administration. They show hue gains in revenue are possible by following simplification and a clear policy and cleaning out tax administration. This is in sharp contrast to the tax advocacy of donors where the system is further complicated and all Pakistanis are painted as tax cheats. </span></div>
<br style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;" />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: x-small;">it is time we started listening to some good local experts rather than donor consultants who have created this mess. </span></div>
<br />
<iframe data-name="pd-iframe-player" frameborder="0" height="100" scrolling="no" src="http://www.podbean.com/media/player/audio/postId/6237706?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnhaquepod.podbean.com%2Fe%2Fthe-mess-that-is-tax-policy-and-administration%2F%3Ftoken%3D0f7c0fb0a4bcefd1c203c65f991feb1a" width="100%"></iframe></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2401127169707645331.post-37657868353600395782016-05-12T22:54:00.000-07:002016-05-12T22:54:37.590-07:00Better cities are required for a growth acceleration<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anjum and Nadeem discuss what cites are and why they are important to growth. Discussion is wide ranging and touches upon many aspects of cities and their contributions to growth, development and civilization. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: large;">They also argue that Pakistan while urbanized does not have any cities that measure up to international standards. This may be an important reason for Paksitan's lagging growth rate. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: large;">What policies are required for better cities? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: large;">Why decentralization is important? </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe data-name="pd-iframe-player" frameborder="0" height="100" scrolling="no" src="http://www.podbean.com/media/player/audio/postId/6232395?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnhaquepod.podbean.com%2Fe%2Fcities-engines-of-growth%2F%3Ftoken%3D84fa85b5c6944a633e0336943d666dfc" width="100%"></iframe></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08185741193177041251noreply@blogger.com0